Spreading cancer DU

[Oscar]

----- Original Message -----

From: Elaine Hughes

To: Nilson,J. Min.Env. ; Ambrose, R. Min. Envir ; Clements, T. Min.Health ; Cline,E.Min.IR

Cc: Brad Wall Sask Party ; Borgerson, L. MLA ; Forbes,D. Min. Water ; G.Breitkreuz, MP ; J. Layton, MP ; Karwaki,D.SK Lib. ; Krawetz,K.MLA ; Nature Sask ; Premier Calvert ; Peter Prebble, MLA ; Sask Eco Network ; Sask Environmental Society ; Taylor, L. Min. Health ; Skelton, C. Min. WD

Sent: Wednesday, October 04, 2006 11:39 AM

Subject: NUCLEAR: Saskatchewan Uranium Used in DU weaponry

Dear Minister Cline

I understand that Cameco's license permits them to produce up to 2,000 tonnes of depleted uranium a year in the metals facility in Port Hope.

Given that the Saskatchewan Government has a 10% interest in Cameco, I would like to know who is buying this depleted uranium.

Also, would you please tell me how much of this depleted uranium is being used in bullets and other weaponry or armaments.

Thank you for your anticipated response.

Elaine Hughes
Box 23, Archerwill, SK S0E 0B0
Telephone: (306) 323-4938
Email: tybach@sasktel.net

[Oscar]

(typed from the original by Elaine Hughes)

October 13, 2006

Ms Elaine Hughes
Box 23
Archerwill, SK S0E 0B0

Dear Ms. Hughes

Thank you for your e-mail of October 4, 2006, expressing your concerns with the production and use of depleted uranium.

Depleted uranium is a byproduct of the enriching of natural uranium for use in nuclear reactors. Canadian reactors use natural uranium, rather than enriched uranium, and thus avoid the creation or use of significant amounts of depeleted uranium. Depleted uranium stocks worldwide are being used to blend-down highly enriched uranium from dismantled nuclear warheads which is then turned into fuel for nuclear reactors. Depleted uranium is less radioactive than uranium ore. Because of its high density, depleted uranium is used in a number of peaceful applications apart from the military applications such as armour piercing that have received media attention.

The Government of Saskatchewan no longer holds any ownership interest in Cameco Corporation, divesting the last 10 per cent interest in February 2002.

According to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission's (CNSC) website, the Port Hope facility is licensed to produce up to 2,000 tonnes of uranium as natural uranium or depeted uranium metal per year. The oversight of the Port Hope facility is the responsibility of the CNSC and we encourage you to contact them or the federal government regarding current production and use of dcepleted uranmium.

Sincerely

(Original signed by)
Eric Cline, Q.C.

cc: The Honourable Lorne Calvert, Premier of Saskatchewan

[Oscar]

Depleted Uranium Risk "Ignored"

----- Original Message -----
From: Elaine Hughes
To: Nilson,J. Min.Env. ; Cline, Eric, Min. IR ; Taylor, L. Min. Health ; Ambrose, R. Min. Envir ; Borgerson, L. MLA ; Premier Calvert ; Peter Prebble, MLA ; Clements, T. Min.Health
Cc: Sandra Finley, Sk Green ; Sask Environmental Society ; Sask Eco Network ; Nature Sask ; Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives ; Cdn. Health Coalition ; CSMonitor Environment ; David Suzuki Foundation ; Council of Canadians ; Greenpeace Canada ; Sierra Club - Can. ; Brad Wall Sask Party ; J. Layton, MP ; Karwaki,D.SK Lib. ; Krawetz,K.MLA
Sent: Thursday, November 02, 2006 8:29 PM
Subject: NUCLEAR: Depleted Uranium Risk "Ignored"

Minister Cline and Minister Nilson:

There is NO way to guarantee that uranium mined in Saskatchewan isn’t being used in DU bullets to kill and to disable and mutilate soldiers, civilians, even babies!

We know what uranium is and we know what uranium does – we cannot plead ignorance on this! To continue dragging this killer out of the ground and make more of it available to the planet is irresponsible and simply wrong-headed.

We must have a moratorium on the expansion of uranium mining in this province – NOW!

Elaine Hughes

Archerwill, SK

==================================

Depleted Uranium Risk "Ignored"

BBC News Wednesday 01 November 2006

UK and US forces have continued to use depleted uranium weapons despite warnings they pose a cancer risk, a BBC investigation has found.

Scientists have pointed to health statistics in Iraq, where the weapons were used in the 1991 and 2003 wars.


FULL STORY: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6105726.stm

[Oscar]

(typed from the original by Elaine Hughes)

November 13, 2006

Ms Elaine Hughes
Box 23
Archerwill, SK S0E 0Bo

Dear Ms Hughes:

Thank you for your email of November 2, 2006, expressing your concerns with uranium production and the use of depleted uranium. The Honourable Eric cline, Q.C, Minister, Industry and Resources has forwarded your email to my office for a reply.

The Government of Saskatchewan is highly supportive of its uranium industry and continues to support the responsible development of the province's uranium resources. Uranium companies continue to meet all environmental goals, strongly support northern and aboriginal employment, and are good corporate citizens to the residents of the province.

Nationally and internationally, nuclear energy is increasingly seen as a clean solution to meet the public’s demand for more power and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Saskatchewan, as the world’s largest producer of uranium, has an opportunity to fuel this movement.

Depleted uranium is used in a number of peaceful applications other than just the military applications that receive media attention. Depleted uranium stocks worldwide are being used to blend-down highly enriched uranium from dismantled nuclear warhead which is then turned into fuel for nuclear reactors. This use is contributing to the reduction of nuclear warheads worldwide. There are also many studies that conflict with information in the report that you have provided. The Government of Saskatchewan continues to monitor all studies related to uranium and the nuclear fuel cycle.

I once again encourage you to contact the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission regarding the use of depleted uranium.

Sincerely,

(Original signed by Glen Veikle (sp?) for

Bruce Wilson

Cc: The Honourable Eric Cline, Q.C. Minister, Industry and Resources
The Honourable John Nilson, Minister Environment

[Oscar]

Spreading cancer DU

by Robert C. Koehler, Tribune Media Services

June 29, 2006

The unending game of "pretend" that the U.S. media allow George Bush to play on the global stage, so often letting his lying utterances hang suspended, unchallenged, in the middle of the story, as though they were plausible - as though a class of third-graders couldn't demolish them with a few innocent questions - feels like the journalistic equivalent of waterboarding. Gasp! Some truth, please!

I suggest the prez has forfeited the right to command a headline, or half a story, or an uninterrupted quote: ". . . we'll defend ourselves, but at the same time we're actively working with our partners to spread peace and democracy," he said last week in Austria.

Surely "spreading democracy" should no longer be allowed to appear in print, between now and 2008, unless accompanied by a parenthetical clarification ("not true," stated as profanely as local standards allow). And that, of course, would only be the media's first step back into integrity with the public.

The occupation of Iraq, the occupation of Afghanistan, the entire war (to promote) terror . . . please, please, can these no longer be trotted out in consequence-free abstraction, but as the high-tech malevolence they are, actively continuing the incalculable devastation of countries and their populations?

The bodies keep piling up, the toxic horrors spread. Hasn't anyone in this place ever heard of depleted uranium? Is the health crisis in Iraq and, indeed, throughout the Middle East and Central Asia, not to mention Kosovo and among returning vets for the last four American wars, somehow irrelevant to "the course" we're asked to stay?

"Two strange phenomena have come about in Basra which I have never seen before. The first is double and triple cancers in one patient. For example, leukemia and cancer of the stomach. We had one patient with two cancers - one in his stomach and kidney. Months later, primary cancer was developing in his other kidney - he had three different cancer types. The second is the clustering of cancer in families. We have 58 families here with more than one person affected by cancer. . . . My wife has nine members of her family with cancer."

This is Dr. Jawad Al-Ali, director of the oncology center at the largest hospital in Basra, speaking in 2003 at a peace conference in Japan. Why is it that only peace activists are able to hear people like this? Why hasn't he been asked to testify before Congress as its members debate the future of this war and the next?

"Children in particular are susceptible to DU poisoning," he went on. "They have a much higher absorption rate as their blood is being used to build and nourish their bones and they have a lot of soft tissues. Bone cancer and leukemia used to be diseases affecting them the most. However, cancer of the lymph system, which can develop anywhere on the body and has rarely been seen before the age of 12, is now also common."

Depleted uranium - DU - is the Defense Establishment euphemism for U-238, a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process and the ultimate dirty weapon material. It's almost twice as dense as lead, catches fire when launched and explodes on impact into microscopically fine particles, or "nano-particles," which are easily inhaled or absorbed through the skin; it's also radioactive, with a half-life of 4.468 billion years.

And we make bombs and bullets out of it - it's the ultimate penetrating weapon. We dropped at least 300 tons of it on Iraq during Gulf War I (the first time it was used in combat) and created Gulf War Syndrome. This time around, the estimated DU use on defenseless Iraq is 1,700 tons, far more of it in major population centers. Remember shock and awe? We were pounding Baghdad, in those triumphant early days, with low-grade nuclear weapons, raining down cancer, neurological disorders, birth defects and much, much more on the people we claimed to be liberating. We weren't spreading democracy, we were altering the human genome.

As we "protected ourselves," in the words of the president, from Iraq's non-existent weapons of mass destruction, we opened our own arsenal of WMD on them, contaminating the country's soil and polluting its air - indeed, unleashing a nuclear dust into the troposphere and contaminating the whole world.

"We used to think (DU) traveled up to a hundred miles," Chris Busby told me. Busby, a chemical physicist and member of the British government's radiation risk committee, as well as the founder of the European Committee of Radiation Risk, has monitored the air quality in Great Britain. Based on his findings, "It looks like it goes quite around the planet," he said.

While Bush mouths ironic whoppers - "We will be standing with the people of Afghanistan and Iraq until their hopes for freedom and liberty are fulfilled," he told the U.N. General Assembly a while back - his actions pass, in the words of former Livermore Labs scientist Leuren Moret, "a death sentence on the Middle East and Central Asia."

A war crime of unprecedented dimension is unfolding as we avert our eyes. Perhaps it's simply too big to see, or to grasp, so we lull ourselves into the half-belief that the powers that be know what they're doing and it will all turn out for the best. Meanwhile, the contagion spreads, the children die, the planet becomes uninhabitable.

---
Robert Koehler, an award-winning, Chicago-based journalist, is an editor at Tribune Media Services and nationally syndicated writer. You can respond to this column at bkoehler@tribune.com or visit his Web site at commonwonders.com. © 2006 Tribune Media Services, Inc.

(posted with permission from author - Oscar)

[Oscar]

We urgently need transparency over depleted uranium use

http://www.bandepleteduranium.org/en/a/337.html

Humanitarian concern over health problems in Fallujah have renewed calls for full disclosure from depleted uranium users.
26 July 2010 - ICBUW
Recent research and a tide of media coverage are indicating that something is very wrong in the Iraqi city of Fallujah. The rates of certain cancers and birth malformations seem to be far higher than those of other countries in the region. Such is the level of concern, that the World Health Organisation is currently undertaking research in the city, elsewhere experts are trying to gauge whether environmental factors may be responsible. One such risk factor could be the possible use of uranium weapons in the US Marine-led assault on Fallujah in 2004.
Marines dismount from Bradley vehicles during attack on Fallujah.
Unfortunately, one major obstacle is standing in the way of these assessments - the refusal by the US to release data on exactly where the weapons have been used and in what quantities.
At present, states that use uranium weapons do not have to disclose quantitative or geographical data about their use - no where, no how much, nothing. There are no norms governing the recording of data and nothing to say that it should be transferred between states. Indeed states are currently under no obligation to assist either each other - or the United
Nations' agencies for that matter - in identifying, marking, assessing, monitoring or clearing sites contaminated by uranium weapons. This is completely unacceptable.
That exposure to uranium weapons has the potential to cause ill health is generally accepted. The main question remaining is how that risk is influenced by military, geographical, social and other factors. More research is urgently needed into civilian populations living in contaminated areas and right now the single biggest obstacle researchers face continues to be the lack of transparency from users.
Transparency was identified as a priority by the UK Royal Society's Depleted Uranium Working Group as far back as 2003: "The coalition needs to make clear where and how much depleted uranium was used in the recent conflict in Iraq. We need this information to identify civilians and soldiers who should be monitored for depleted uranium exposure and to begin a clean-up of the environment," said Prof. Brian Spratt in 2003.
What steps have been taken since then to release this data? In Iraq, we know that at least 440,000kg of DU was used by the US and UK in 1991 and 2003. Of this, just 1.9 tonnes is accounted for after the British cooperated with the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) in a 2007 study in Iraq. However this data from the UK has never been released into the public domain. In Bosnia, it took six years for NATO to confirm that it had used depleted uranium in its interventions in 1994 and 1995. In the case of Serbia and Kosovo, it took two direct interventions by the then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan on behalf of UNEP to persuade NATO to release its data.
Given that the main factor in reducing the risk to civilians following the use of uranium weapons is the swift identification and marking of contaminated sites, the current situation seems particularly perverse.
ICBUW has approached the US State Department and Department of Defence requesting the full disclosure of data about all contaminated sites in Iraq.
If it is possible for the UK to disclose where it has used uranium weapons then there is no reason why the same should not go for the US. However, if the example of our request to reveal whether uranium were used in Fallujah is anything to go by - nine months and counting - we may be waiting some time; just as the people of Iraq have been.
There are also long-standing questions over the use of depleted uranium in other conflicts. For example, Russia and the US may have both used it in Afghanistan while the US is alleged to have used it during interventions in Somalia in the 1990s.
If states are unwilling to voluntarily release data on the use of uranium weapons, it is beholden on the international community to agree to take whatever steps necessary to develop binding rules governing what happens to these weapons once they are fired.
ICBUW is calling for a resolution on this issue at the UN First Committee this autumn. We hope that states that have pushed for transparency in other areas of arms control such as the Netherlands, and those that have cooperated with UNEP on the issue of uranium weapons, such as the UK, will lend their support because without transparency, civilians will continue to be exposed to the harmful residue of these weapons.

Notes:

WATCH: Fallujah children's 'genetic damage' ***CAUTION - disturbing images

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10721562

21 July 2010 Last updated at 17:50 ET
Cancer, leukaemia and infant mortality are all increasing in the Iraqi town of Fallujah, which saw fierce fighting between US forces and Sunni insurgents, a new survey says.
Still one of the most dangerous places in Iraq, doctors have been reporting a large number of birth defects since the 2004 offensive. John Simpson reports.

= = = = = =

Cancer, Infant Mortality and Birth Sex-Ratio in Fallujah, Iraq 2005–2009

http://www.nonuclear.se/files/busby-et- ... 5-2009.pdf

Chris Busby 1,*, Malak Hamdan 2 and Entesar Ariabi 3

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7, 2828-2837; doi:10.3390/ijerph7072828

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601

Abstract: There have been anecdotal reports of increases in birth defects and cancer in Fallujah, Iraq blamed on the use of novel weapons (possibly including depleted uranium) in heavy fighting which occurred in that town between US led forces and local elements in 2004. In Jan/Feb 2010 the authors organised a team of researchers who visited 711 houses in Fallujah, Iraq and obtained responses to a questionnaire in Arabic on cancer, birth defects and infant mortality. The total population in the resulting sample was 4,843 persons with and overall response rate was better than 60%. Relative Risks for cancer were age-standardised and compared to rates in the Middle East Cancer Registry (MECC, Garbiah Egypt) for 1999 and rates in Jordan 1996–2001. Between Jan 2005 and the survey end date there were 62 cases of cancer malignancy reported

MORE:
http://www.nonuclear.se/files/busby-et- ... 5-2009.pdf

- - - - -

Additional Info:

Current Issues - Depleted Uranium Weapons in the Balkans

(last updated 22 Apr 2008)

http://www.wise-uranium.org/dissbk.html

- - - - -

Depleted Uranium Weapons: Lessons from the 1991 Gulf War

http://www.wise-uranium.org/dhap992.html

By Dan Fahey

The 1991 Persian Gulf War included an array of the twentieth century's most frightening and devastating weapons. Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons were all poised for use, each with the ability to cause massive casualties among friend and foe alike. When hostilities subsided in March, 1991, the world breathed a collective sigh of relief that weapons of mass destruction had not been used. Or had they?

During the Gulf War, American and British forces introduced armor-piercing ammunition made of depleted uranium, a radioactive and toxic waste. By war's end, more than 290,000 kilograms (640,000 pounds) of depleted uranium contaminated equipment and the soil on the battlefields of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and southern Iraq.[1] Though investigations are ongoing and additional research is needed, it now appears that some veterans and civilians exposed to depleted uranium contamination are suffering health problems including kidney damage and cancers.

MORE: http://www.wise-uranium.org/dhap992.html

- - - - -

Depleted Uranium: A Post-War Disaster For Environment And Health

http://www.laka.org/docu/boeken/pdf/1-01-2-12-12.pdf

Laka Foundation May 1999
In the course of the preparations for the Hague Appeal for Peace '99 conference, Laka decided to make a brochure about the use of depleted uranium in conventional weaponry and its consequences. The idea was born because of the short time reserved during the session for the presentation of all details about depleted uranium (DU). Although the word "depleted uranium" may suggest no harmful impact from radiation, this brochure will clarify the real radiotoxic (and chemotoxic) properties of DU.

Laka asked several "insiders" to take part in the completion of the brochure. Thanks to their efforts, we have been able to present well-documented articles for activists, scientists, scholars and students to share with them valuable information about the hazardous impact of DU contamination and its consequences on human health and the environment. Taking notice of the growing military use of DU, we must consider not only the increased threats of radioactive battlefields but also the whole dirty cycle in the uranium industry connected with the DU technology and its impact on health and the environment in the surroundings of test areas and in the uranium industry itself.

This brochure was completed thanks to Felicity Arbuthnot, Rosalie Bertell, Ray Bristow, Peter Diehl, Dan Fahey, Daniel Robicheau, Campaign against DU (CADU) and the Military Toxics Project. The contents of all the contributions are under the responsibility of the authors.

Full Report: http://www.laka.org/docu/boeken/pdf/1-01-2-12-12.pdf

[Oscar]

Research links rise in Falluja birth defects and cancers to US assault

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/30/
faulluja-birth-defects-iraq

• Defects in newborns 11 times higher than normal
• 'War contaminants' from 2004 attack could be cause
A study examining the causes of a dramatic spike in birth defects in the Iraqi city of Falluja has for the first time concluded that genetic damage could have been caused by weaponry used in US assaults that took place six years ago.
The research, which will be published next week, confirms earlier estimates revealed by the Guardian of a major, unexplained rise in cancers and chronic neural-tube, cardiac and skeletal defects in newborns. The authors found that malformations are close to 11 times higher than normal rates, and rose to unprecedented levels in the first half of this year – a period that had not been surveyed in earlier reports.
The findings, which will be published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, come prior to a much-anticipated World Health Organisation study of Falluja's genetic health. They follow two alarming earlier studies, one of which found a distortion in the sex ratio of newborns since the invasion of Iraq in 2003 – a 15% drop in births of boys.
"We suspect that the population is chronically exposed to an environmental agent," said one of the report's authors, environmental toxicologist Mozhgan Savabieasfahani. "We don't know what that environmental factor is, but we are doing more tests to find out."
The report identifies metals as potential contaminating agents afflicting the city – especially among pregnant mothers. "Metals are involved in regulating genome stability," it says. "As environmental effectors, metals are potentially good candidates to cause birth defects.
The findings are likely to prompt further speculation that the defects were caused by depleted uranium rounds, which were heavily used in two large battles in the city in April and November 2004. The rounds, which contain ionising radiation, are a core component of the armouries of numerous militaries and militias.
Their effects have long been called into question, with some scientists claiming they leave behind a toxic residue, caused when the round – either from an assault rifle or artillery piece – bursts through its target. However, no evidence has yet been established that proves this, and some researchers instead claim that depleted uranium has been demonstrably proven not to be a contaminant.
The report acknowledges that other battlefield residues may also be responsible for the defects. "Many known war contaminants have the potential to interfere with normal embryonic and foetal development," the report says. "The devastating effect of dioxins on the reproductive health of the Vietnamese people is well-known."
The latest Falluja study surveyed 55 families with seriously deformed newborns between May and August. It was conducted by Dr Samira Abdul Ghani, a paediatrician at Falluja general hospital. In May, 15% of the 547 babies born had serious birth defects. In the same period, 11% of babies were born at less than 30 weeks and 14% of foetuses spontaneously aborted.

MORE:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/30/
faulluja-birth-defects-iraq

=======================================

Huge rise in birth defects in Falluja

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/13/
falluja-cancer-children-birth-defects

Iraqi former battle zone sees abnormal clusters of infant tumours and deformities
Martin Chulov in Falluja guardian.co.uk, Friday 13 November 2009 19.24 GMT
Doctors in Iraq's war-ravaged enclave of Falluja are dealing with up to 15 times as many chronic deformities in infants, compared to a year ago, and a spike in early life cancers that may be linked to toxic materials left over from the fighting.
The extraordinary rise in birth defects has crystallised over recent months as specialists working in Falluja's over-stretched health system have started compiling detailed clinical records of all babies born.
Neurologists and obstetricians in the city interviewed by the Guardian say the rise in birth defects – which include a baby born with two heads, babies with multiple tumours, and others with nervous system problems - are unprecedented and at present unexplainable.
A group of Iraqi and British officials, including the former Iraqi minister for women's affairs, Dr Nawal Majeed a-Sammarai, and the British doctors David Halpin and Chris Burns-Cox, have petitioned the UN general assembly to ask that an independent committee fully investigate the defects and help clean up toxic materials left over decades of war – including the six years since Saddam Hussein was ousted.
"We are seeing a very significant increase in central nervous system anomalies," said Falluja general hospital's director and senior specialist, Dr Ayman Qais. "Before 2003 [the start of the war] I was seeing sporadic numbers of deformities in babies. Now the frequency of deformities has increased dramatically."
The rise in frequency is stark – from two admissions a fortnight a year ago to two a day now. "Most are in the head and spinal cord, but there are also many deficiencies in lower limbs," he said. "There is also a very marked increase in the number of cases of less than two years [old] with brain tumours. This is now a focus area of multiple tumours."
After several years of speculation and anecdotal evidence, a picture of a highly disturbing phenomenon in one of Iraq's most battered areas has now taken shape. Previously all miscarried babies, including those with birth defects or infants who were not given ongoing care, were not listed as abnormal cases.

MORE:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/13/
falluja-cancer-children-birth-defects

=======================

RELATED RESEARCH:

Iraq War DU dust birth defects compared to atomic bomb at Hiroshima

http://www.uruknet.de/?s1=1&p=73282&s2=27

December 26, 2010 Special to The Canadian
It is apparent that the "War on Terrorism" is not about surgically stopping "terrorist cells" from spreading destruction. If that were the case, there would not be over 1 million Iraqi civilian casualties, and other huge death tolls among civilians in the Middle East.
===============================

Report on birth defects and cancers in Iraq points to Canadian uranium.

http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/3685

by Garson Hunter, The Dominion, 25 November 2010
REGINA - Radioactive armaments used by the US army in Iraq have been highlighted in a recent study as a probable cause for the region's increase in birth defects, infant deaths and cancer. Unavoidably, some of the uranium that made these weapons radioactive came from Saskatchewan.

PHOTO: Saskatchewan Yellowcake: http://www.dominionpaper.ca/images/3732
_______________________________________

Hathor releases results on uranium site

http://www.thestarphoenix.com/news/
todays-paper/Hathor+releases+results+uranium+site/3949716/story.html

BY CASSANDRA KYLE, THE STAR PHOENIX DECEMBER 9, 2010
===========================================

War in Iraq Propelling A Massive Migration

http://www.washingtonpost.com/
wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/03/AR2007020301604.html

- washingtonpost.com...
Iraqis in growing numbers are fleeing the war at home, ... Iraq's neighbors worry the new refugees will carry in Iraq's sectarian strife. ...
--------------------------------

Refugees of Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq

Jump to Iraq War‎: 25% of war-affected refugees with suffer some kind of psychological disorder.</ ref> Risk, Suffering, and Competing Narratives in the ...